Did you recently upgrade from Visual Studio 2008 to
2010? If so, you might run into one small hiccup when you're creating and working with Web applications that use Esri Web
ADF controls.
If you're creating a custom Web mapping application that has a Map control in Visual Studio 2010 and the map doesn't show when you're running the application, first ensure that the map service displays fine in ArcCatalog, Server Manager and an out-of-the-box (OOTB) application created manager.
If the map displays as expected in those applications, the next step is to navigate to the Solution Explorer for the Web mapping application (WMA) in Visual Studio, right click on the Web application project and select "Property Pages".
Then go to Build and select the correct "Target Framework". If it is set to .NET Framework 4, change it to .NET Framework 3.5.
You will see a warning message regarding the change, but click on "Yes".
Now rebuild the project (if required) and run the application again. You should be able to see the map now.
Just remember that .NET Framework 4.0 is not currently supported with ArcGIS Server .NET Web ADF at version 10.0 and that .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 is required.
Kripa J., ESRI Support Analyst - SDK Group, ESRI Support Services