For updated information and a link to download a patch for this issue, please see the UPDATE: Patch available for ArcGIS 10 Geodatabase issue with synchronizing replicas blog post.
Customers who plan to use ArcGIS 10 with geodatabase replication need to be aware of an issue that causes synchronization to fail. Full details are available in Knowledge base article 37896.
Esri is working on a fix that should be available soon. For updates on status, you can use bug number NIM058231 — Upgrading geodatabases with replicas to version 10 causes synchronization process to fail.
We will keep you posted via this blog as updates become available.
Mike H., Program Manager
User Advocacy Group, Esri Support Services
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http://twitter.com/mikehogan