I just had an issue with joins that aligns with this post, but I was able to figure it out. I will explain below; read bold text for quick issue and solution. I was using ArcGIS Pro 2.5.
I was trying to join data TO a standalone table FROM a geocoded feature class. I don't do this often, but I find it helpful when needing to geocode many records to cities/POI that have multiple duplicate geocoding locations in the data. By running Summary Statistics, I get unique locations and significantly save AGO credits when I geocode them (e.g. I had ~3.1 million records which cost ~124K credits - which I do not have - and reduced the locations to less than ~5,500 records at 220 credits, which I can manage!!). I then join the XY fields and map all original records the using the XY Table to Point tool. In theory, you can also use Make Query Table, but it isn't consistent either...and can be slow with larger datasets. This joining workflow seems to work better.
When I tried to join the data, using either the Add Join or the Join Field tools, it resulted in the joined fields from the geocoded FC to return <Null> for all values in the join fields. I think this should be allowed, so this may be a bug/issue for Esri to explore. My workaround was to convert the geocoded FC to a standalone table then join, and everything worked fine.
Hope this is helpful for this thread.