I have a similar issue, except that it is in both the Catalog Pane and Catalog View. When browsing a directory, I can see my file geodatabase. This file geodatabase is new and contains 1 feature class which contains 3 features. While browsing in the Catalog View or the Project tab of the Catalog Pane, I get an error when I try to expand the geodatabase to explore its contents. The error is: "The parameter is incorrect".
When I add the same folder to the Favorites tab in the pane and then browse to the geodatabase within it, it expands just fine and I can view the contents. The feature class can be added to the map through drag and drop or through Add Data. While in the map, the feature class displays and labels just fine. So it doesn't seem to be a corrupt database.
So why does expanding the geodatabase to browse its contents only work in the Favorites tab of the Catalog Pane and in the Add Data window?
Note: Pro Version 2.4.2