Hi Amanda.
The issue you are having caused me to attempt this on my own. I created a feature class with related table, published the service to my Portal and created the Arcade expression. I was able to successfully populate the related table pointID field from the origin table using the code below.
I added the FeatureSetByRelationshipName on line 2 directly from the Profile Variables list to ensure the correct spelling of the backwards relate name.
-Adam

// Get the feature set for the hydrants
var hydrants = FeatureSetByRelationshipName($feature, "To_TestPoint", ['pointID'], true)
// Get the first hydrant (should only be one)
var hydrant = First(hydrants)
// If there was a hydrant, return the facilityid of it,
// Otherwise, return null
if (!IsEmpty(hydrant)) {
return hydrant['pointID']
} else {
return null
}