ArcGIS JavaScript API 4.x Feature Table widget ("esri/widgets/FeatureTable") should allow users to specify the list of attribute columns to filter the table. The functionality should be similar to the Bootstrap table filter table functionality:
modern web libaries also offer this like MUI datagrid.
I would encourage Esri to offer a selection by attribute option in the attribute tbale or evena a filter by attribute.
I havent found a nice way to access the hidden grid and implement a filter/selection/search option directly in the attribute table but would love to see it in a near future update!