Hello Jason
Yes, you can (for example) use the service's REST endpoint from within a Python script.
Here is an example request from a tool I'm working on that batch geocodes recordset objects (what the GP service is expecting as an input parameter):
response = urllib2.urlopen(serviceEndpoint + "/submitJob?&f=json","&Record_Set="+b).read()
"b" is a RecordSet created earlier in the script.
JSON responses are easy to handle with Python, here is how I catch my GP service result:
response = urllib2.urlopen(u).read()
fDict = json.loads(response)["value"]["features"] #Yields a dictionary of JSON encoded features
"u" is a URL to each job result I loop through.
The details of your sent and received objects will be specific to your GP service, but easily determined from the REST endpoint.
Regards