I don't think you can do it directly. But of course I might be wrong, lets hope someone else knows a way.
Of course you can if you load the data from the file GDB into a SQL Server Enterprise GDB, but if you don't have the level of GIS software that allows you to do that you could try one more thing.
If you can create a personal geodatabase and copy the data into that, that format is an MS Access file type. That you can either open directly in Access or bring it into SSMS.
