Hi Nathalie,
I know this is an old posting but I want to help others that may come across this...
There are many ways to copy and load records into a new table in a new geodatabase and preserve GlobalID Values.
1. When copying data in ArcGIS, copy and paste, data extraction and XML workspace import preserves the GlobalID Values.
2. ArcObjects: on an unversioned SDE Geodatabase, you can convert the gloablID to a GUID field... then import the data... then convert the GUID back to the GloablID field.
3. ArcObjects: on an unversioned SDE Geodatabase...Using DataChangesImporter to monitor delta and preserve GlobalIDs.
4. In ArcGIS Pro: Preserve GlobalIDs. - Python
ref: Preserve Global IDs (Environment setting)—Geoprocessing | ArcGIS for Desktop
You can do it in Python with the UUID module. See here: UUID objects — Python 2.7.12 documentation