So, because I was being stubborn about not using Connect (I am hoping to get some help from non-Connect people with maintenance, etc.), I took up the case with ESRI Support.
This apparently is a known bug BUG-000143301: Creating the Set rule -function does not work properly in Survey123 when the Address -component is used in the survey before the Set rule -component. The solutions are 1) Put the Addresss question after rules or 2) Use connect.
Because I overthink (and am stubborn), I also found another, somewhat clunky, but effective workaround.
- I created a question using the Address question type in the upper part of the form and set it to Address Text only.
- I set a couple rules in the middle part of the form to see if they would stick.
- I then created a "Map" question at the very end of the form (after any rules I may want to have) - I used the calculation on this question to pull the matched location from the Address question. Then, I set this Map question to "Hide from survey".
In preview, this seems to have worked and is looking promising in preliminary testing. This added an additional field with the original address, but that's not so bad for my design.
So, I hope this helps someone else who runs across this (or @Brownschuh) as I would not have figured this out without ESRI's Technician's help.