I finally determined that the layers were not displaying due to the Filter types Setting in Collector. Turning it off displayed and allowed me to collect the line and polygon layers in Collector.
My next problem is passing the GlobalID from the survey to Collector. I'm doing so using the following syntax in a NOTE field, but I'm guessing I have the syntax wrong to pass the value from the globalid field (point fc in survey) into the parentglobalid field (line, poly fc) (i.e. &featureAttributes=%7B%22parentglobalid%22:globalid%7D) . The Collector integration document only indicates how to pass static data to an attribute, not data values form a field, as I'm trying to do with globalid. BTW, these fcs are all related and contained within the hosted feature layer that the survey form is pointed to (source URL).
<a href="arcgis-collector://?itemID=990f6e5ad7ad470594415fa78a0b6f49&featureSourceURL=https://services.arcgis.com/EVsTT4nNRCwmHNyb/arcgis/rest/services/484ee6b2c4134fb3a1ae9b4c1e8fc649_gdb/FeatureServer/1&featureAttributes=%7B%22parentglobalid%22:globalid%7D">Map a Polygon</a>
Then it occurred to me that I shouldn't have to do this because it should automatically happen with the relationship class. But downloading the gdb of the survey revealed that although I had pointed the survey Form to the URL of the hosted feature layer, the related feature classes were not included in what I downloaded. So, I added the submission_url and form_id information to the settings tab of the spreadsheet to match the hosted feature layer and successfully republished the survey.
I collected a couple lines & polys and then went to manage the survey in the Survey123 website and the line & polygon data is displaying way far away (i.e. the ocean near Africa versus Virginia), despite the fcs having the same projection. And when I try to export the survey to gdb to verify that the lines and polygons are included, the export fails:
So, I'm making small progress but am still stumped. Any more suggestions?