Hi Emily! It seems like this would be a good use case for related tables. Here's a support article on how to implement this.
An alternative to creating the relationship class in ArcGIS Pro (steps 1-4 in the article), would be to publish a survey that includes information about the stormwater outfall locations (including the geopoint) in the "main" section of the survey. Then include a repeat section which contains the inspection/screening questions. If you go this route, you'll end up with two survey forms -- 1) location information & the repeat section, and 2) only inspection/screening questions. In the second form, be sure to change the FormID and Submission URL, as outlined in the linked article.