This table, USA NLCD Land Cover, is very different from the csv you shared. This looks like a polygon feature class, probably converted from imagery/raster. It has the Shape field, showing "Polygon" type; and it has a Shape_Length field. Perhaps it has a Shape_Area field as well.
The CenterX and CenterY values you have are not long/lat but likely projected coordinates (in meters or ft). When you use Display XY (or actually the Table XY To Points tool), the default for Coordinate System is a GCS (geographic coordinate system), which takes the input xy values as long/lat (in decimal degrees).
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You need to find out what projected coordinate values are in the CenterX and CenterY fields and specify that projected coordinate system (PCS) to run the Display XY tool.