This table, USA NLCD Land Cover, is very different from the csv you shared. This looks like a polygon feature class, probably converted from imagery/raster. It has the Shape field, showing "Polygon" type; and it has a Shape_Length field. Perhaps it has a Shape_Area field as well.
The CenterX and CenterY values you have are not long/lat but likely projected coordinates (in meters or ft). When you use Display XY (or actually the Table XY To Points tool), the default for Coordinate System is a GCS (geographic coordinate system), which takes the input xy values as long/lat (in decimal degrees).
You need to find out what projected coordinate values are in the CenterX and CenterY fields and specify that projected coordinate system (PCS) to run the Display XY tool.