Related somewhat but if you share as a hosted feature layer to ArcGIS Online and/or ArcGIS Enterprise Portal you can configure clustering within a web map and then bring that web map into ArcGIS Pro via the Catalog Pane. I "think" there's an enhancement request for a future release of ArcGIS Pro to do this workflow.
In addition, there is a workflow for Feature Binning via an Enterprise Geodatabase feature class if your data is stored in that format.
