I just recently went thru something similar and reached out to NRCS about how to best export the soil types I need. I uploaded my shapefile AOI (area of interest) to the Web Soil Survey (that you linked above) and exported the soil geometry and all associated tables. I then added the shapefile to my Pro project and joined to the tables I needed. Tables come in an access database and the readme includes instructions on how to prep the access db, then find the table you need and import to pro and join to shapefile.
Or you can try using this NRCS custom toolbox within Pro to extract the data you need - worked pretty well and a bit simpler than using the access db: https://github.com/ncss-tech/SSURGO-On-Demand-Pro-table
Here's an excerpt from the email from NRCS explaining the toolbox and info about an additional python tool (my python knowledge is not advanced enough so I didn't try that):
"If you indeed are after soil properties and interpretations, you can use the SSURGO On-Demand ArcGIS Pro – toolbox found at this link. To use these tools, use the SAPOLYGON (soil survey area polygons) to grab soil properties and interpretations via Soil Data Access for all map units in the selected soil survey areas. Currently, this tool will only return the results as a table and you will have to join to your polygon or raster layer by mukey manually.
If you are brave, there is a pure python solution, pysda, found at this link. This tool leverages pandas/geopandas. It’s a solution that is very much under development and hasn’t had much real world testing, so feel free to give it a spin if it sounds interesting to you. Check out the python notebooks for examples."
Hope that helps!
