Esri Support was able to look into this issue and found a similar bug in Collector:
BUG-000134261:ArcGIS Collector links using the FeatureID parameter require a GlobalID without curly braces, but ArcGIS Collector presents the GlobalID values with curly braces.
Status: Under Consideration
The support analyst also researched Arcade for functionality to remove the curly brackets from the GlobalID and found the following arcade expression: Mid($feature.globalid, 1,36). I deployed this expression in my web map custom popup link and and it worked allowing our users to link from a web application directly to Field Maps to update a feature.