I also am having many issues with maps failing to download. I am using server 10.2.2, and even creating a feature class and copying/pasting data in, enabling archiving, adding globalIDs, and sharing it properly, it will fail.
The map on AGOL say's it's available for offline use, I can click start to download it on the Android 10.2.3 collector app, but it always comes up with the "failed to download, error message: no error message." When I remove that layer, I can download and sync with
other layers.