Yes, I believe you are looking for using the Application Credentials through OAuth2 (https://developers.arcgis.com/documentation/mapping-apis-and-services/security/application-credentia...). You will need a Developers license (https://developers.arcgis.com/sign-up/) to create the ClientID and Client Secret by establishing a new application, then you can use those to generate a token. For a quick test, if you have a tool like Postman (https://www.postman.com/) you can generate a POST call to the server to test getting the token, then try to access the REST endpoint for the data using this token.
Here's an example of jQuery code generated by Postman to generate a token from a client ID/Secret:
var form = new FormData();
var settings = {
"url": "https://www.arcgis.com/sharing/rest/oauth2/token?client_id=xxxxxxxx&client_secret=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx&grant_type=client_credentials",
"method": "POST",
"timeout": 0,
"processData": false,
"mimeType": "multipart/form-data",
"contentType": false,
"data": form
};
$.ajax(settings).done(function (response) {
console.log(response);
});
