I'm confused by this because float rasters should not have an attribute table. Only integer rasters can have attribute tables. Extract Values To Points should work with any format (and data type), so you should report this as a bug to Esri support.
Do the float values appear when you click on the raster with the identify tool in ArcMap? Do the statistics look correct? You may have to build raster statistics for your raster (right click in the catalog window) for everything to work okay.
The Extract Values To Points, Extract Multi-Values to Points and Sample tools all pretty much do the same thing. Sometimes I use one when the others will not work right with a certain data format, projecting on the fly, whatever. So, try the Sample tool and see if you have better luck.