It seems that it is indeed the case that a Tiled Map Service Layer must be loaded first so the map can be set up with the proper LOD levels. I set the extents and projection in the javascript so it would not be that causing the issue.So I added the roads first, the aerials second, and then used the reorderLayer method to push the aerials to be the bottom layer and it works fine this way.See Below for a short example:
var DallasRoadsTiledMapLayer = new esri.layers.ArcGISTiledMapServiceLayer(DallasRoadsMapService);
ViewerMap.addLayer(DallasRoadsTiledMapLayer);
var aerialPhotos = new esri.layers.ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer(aerialPhotosMapService);
ViewerMap.addLayer(aerialPhotos);
ViewerMap.reorderLayer(aerialPhotos, 0);