Hi Matthew,
The key difference between ArcGIS Enterprise Standard vs. ArcGIS Enterprise Advanced is specifically with the GIS Server component. Advanced provides the ability to publish all the analysis tools (available in ArcGIS Desktop advanced) and network services. See the ArcGIS Enterprise 10.5 functionality matrix,
http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis-enterprise-functionality-matrix.pdf
Regarding your specific question: there's no difference between the 2 editions with respect to deploying a hosting server with Portal for ArcGIS.
Hope this helps,