Yes, you can, to a point. Here are some sample scripts we use in a Python batch program. However, I have yet to find a method to extract the value that are displayed in the Generate Summary after the topology has been validated, or repair them in some automated fashion.
import arcpy
Scratch_Workspace = "G:\\CE\\Forecast\\Parcels_2008_2010\\Parcels_Scratch.gdb"
arcpy.env.workspace= Scratch_Workspace
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput= "True"
#Creates Feature Dataset and loads dataset into feature dataset
arcpy.CreateFeatureDataset_management(Scratch_Workspace,"Parcels_Topology","Parcels_Overlay_WD_Dissolved")
arcpy.Select_analysis("Parcels_Overlay_WD_Dissolved","Parcels_Topology\\Parcels_Dissolved","")
#Creates topology and adds loaded dataset to topology and assigns rule
arcpy.CreateTopology_management("Parcels_Topology","Parcels_Dissolved_Top","")
arcpy.AddFeatureClassToTopology_management("Parcels_Topology\\Parcels_Dissolved_Top","Parcels_Topology\\Parcels_Dissolved","")
arcpy.AddRuleToTopology_management("Parcels_Topology\\Parcels_Dissolved_Top","Must Not Overlap (Area)","Parcels_Topology\\Parcels_Dissolved","","","")
#Validates topology
arcpy.ValidateTopology_management("Parcels_Topology\\Parcels_Dissolved_Top","Full_Extent")