Hi Shelby,
I was made aware of the fact that yes, indeed there is a difference between 1.4 and the upcoming release of 2.0. You cannot perform the export from a scheduled task. This is documented here:
“
If you create a task to run when the user is logged off of the Windows machine, then the Layout Class export functions (for example, exportToPDF) and the Bookmark Class updateThumbnailfunction will not work. These functions require a user to be logged on to Windows in order to work”
http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/arcpy/mapping/guidelines-for-arcpy-mapping.htm
They've overcome this for 2.0, thus you should be able to export from a scheduled task.
Now that said...the fact you can't run the test script I gave you (of running a gp tool)...that narrows down the problem a little bit. Could you update it to run this? If this does not create a text file with anything, not even "this is before arcpy"...then this has nothing to do with licensing or arcpy and its something to do with running python through your scheduled task. If it creates the textfile and outputs some lines...well depending how far it gets, that tells something else.
f = open("c:/temp/output.txt", 'w')
f.write("this is before arcpy \n")
import arcpy
f.write("this is after arcpy \n")
p = arcpy.mp.ArcGISProject("C:\\arcgisserver\\documents\\GPService\\ProGPPDS.aprx")
maps = p.listMaps()[0]
layers = maps.listLayers()[0]
f.write("this is before the tool\n")
gc = arcpy.GetCount_management(layers)
f.write(gc.getMessages())
f.close()
I realize your final goal is to export from a scheduled task. As mentioned, unfortunately you wont be able to do that in 1.4. But we can continue to troubleshoot and try to figure out why you cant run a simple scheduled task. If you get that figured out, then once Pro 2.0 is available you'll be set to export.