I am currently learning this software, ArcMap 10.2.2 at UNLV Geology department.
The book I am using is Mastering ArcGIS by Maribeth Price.
It's a good book to get you started.
I would also suggest taking a class, there's a lot more to GIS than just learning the software.
The issues of errors, and the effect of spatial autocorrelation on errors is not well taught in the software manuals.