mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument("current")
#turn off all layers
for lyr in arcpy.mapping.ListLayers(mxd):
lyr.visible = False
#turn one layer on at a time and export
for lyr in arcpy.mapping.ListLayers(mxd):
lyr.visible = True
arcpy.mapping.ExportToJPG(mxd, "C:\\Temp\\"+ lyr.name + ".jpg")
lyr.visible = False
del mxd