Alberto,
I tried reproducing the original problem, export the Table to a File GDB on local drive, but it completed successfully in my case.
Client- ArcGIS Desktop 10.1 SP1
OS- Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard 64-Bit -- 2GB RAM
Database- MS SQL Server 2008 R2 Standard Edition.
Table size- Table has approx 2.3 million records (2311211 records to be precise)
Am I missing out on anything while testing this?
Regards,