Kim, and Wesley, and Katherine, and ...
Joe's remarks are spot on.
Kim, your workaround of copying the locator out of your file geodatabase to package it up sounds like a huge time-waster if you plan on doing this more than once. I would suggest taking the time to re-create your locators outside of the geodatabase (or perhaps you can copy the existing locators out permanently).
To do so:
- Create a folder wherever you want to store the locator(s). It should go without saying that this folder should have permissions set to allow access to whichever users need these locators, including the ArcGIS Server account if you want to register this folder with Server.
- In ArcCatalog, navigate to the folder and open it up.
- Right-click and select New-->Address Locator (or Composite Locator...)
- Construct your locator
I have my locators in a folder on my map server , which I can access via a mapped drive for administrative tasks like rebuilding as well as consuming them in ArcMap. This folder is registered with Server, so the individual locators do not need to be copied to ArcGIS Server when publishing them. Only my composite locator is copied to ArcGIS Server (because that is by design).
I am operating with a single map server, so your architecture may prevent you from using this methodology. You could put the folder anywhere on your network that allows your ArcGIS Server account to access it.
Regarding rebuilding the locators: I haven't used the ArcToolbox tool to do so, but use the right-click context menu option, which basically runs the same underlying process. I have found that successful index rebuilding is hit-or-miss unless any map services containing the data used by the locators have been stopped. No errors are thrown, I simply can't get new addresses to be successfully found without stopping the map services first. The locator indexes never seem to get re-written otherwise. [Maybe Joe has a solution for MY issue?]