So, you are trying to apply a domain where you in a sense have two coded values, you have no description field. These are quite large (Block Number 563 records, and Parcel Number 781 records). Never had this issue, but have you thought of the process where, you create a geodatabase locally, create your feature dataset, load the layer, then add the domain at the local level. After defining your local dataset, copying via feature class to feature class into SDE, which will copy your domain information. You basically use your local GDB as a staging gdb prior to the load to SDE. This can all be scripted. Have you ever worked with Python or Modelbuilder?
Perhaps you can send me your excel file for testing and verification.
I typically try and stay away from directly hitting the sde, and do everything in staging gdbs, outside of building a new topology, or other final components etc..