You're confusing the id of a feature class with the id of a feature. They aren't the same thing. The id of a feature class uniquely identifies the feature class within the geodatabase. This is why shapefiles and CAD files have a feature class id of -1 (which isn't a valid value for a geodatabase feature class id); they don't belong to a geodatabase. These ids are used mainly by the geodatabase itself; you will rarely, if ever, need to use the id of a feature class for anything. The id of a feature uniquely identifies that feature within a feature class. For geodatabase feature classes, the feature id field is named ObjectId by default. For shapefiles it is usually named FID. You can see the feature ids by adding the feature class as a layer to ArcMap and opening the attribute table. It is this feature id that you will need to pass into GetFeature to return a particular feature from the feature class. You can then pass the feature into the SymbolByFeature method to get the symbol that is used to draw the feature in the map view.