As others in this post have mentioned you can optimize the survey form and external spreadsheet - but probably not for a csv of your size. More discussion on GeoNet:
XLS form size, or number of rows limitation
1K, 5K,10K ... pushing the limit on External Choices in Survey123
JavaScript would be my go-to but as Albertus indicated it's not available for use with public surveys.
One alternative method would be to use the custom URL scheme to pre-fill the data based on another system.
For example, you could send out emails drawing off your database to construct a URL that will launch Survey123. The email will be tailored to each hunter and pre-populate fields unique to them (that can be read-only or even hidden to end-user). This will streamline the survey and put the control of updates in the system maintaining the records:
https://community.esri.com/groups/survey123/blog/2016/07/30/understanding-survey123s-custom-url-sche...
At some point in this workflow Webhooks could be factored in - triggering events like notifications or emails.
Webhooks—ArcGIS Survey123 | Documentation