This is apparently still a bug:
Lists are getting duplicate (or more) items after publishing updates.
Not sure of the cause as it seems random and varies person to person.
this bug?
BUG-000128282 for ArcGIS Survey123 (esri.com)
or one of the others
the status for each is listed
Unfortunately not.
But found it here (In Review since January 2022): BUG-000146024 Survey123 Field App does not remove Choices that were updated in Survey123 Connect.