@temprobertcottreau131313
Is this what you are thinking?
https://doc.arcgis.com/en/survey123/desktop/create-surveys/survey123withexistingfeatureservices.htm
Is this a completely new form? If your spatial question is of type Geoshape, you will be able to add polygons. I recommend reviewing Ismael Chivite's article on geoline and geoshape if you haven't come across it already.
I'd like for field staff to be able to click on a polygon in the map and add information to a column
Ah, I understand. In that case what you would probably want to do is build a Survey off of your pre-existing feature service:
Then in the web map that contains the polygon layer, you can add a link in the popup to trigger the opening of the survey.
https://community.esri.com/t5/arcgis-survey123-questions/survey123-with-field-maps/td-p/1300986
I've done this quite a few times and can give you some specific examples of how to structure the link if you wind up going this route and would like me to!