This code worked:
Point point = new Point();
point.setX(lon);
point.setY(lat);
SpatialReference latlonSpatialReference = SpatialReference.create(4326);
Point output = (Point)GeometryEngine.project(point, latlonSpatialReference, mapView.getSpatialReference());
Also, why does this line fail?
SpatialReference latlonSpatialReference = SpatialReference.create("WGS84");