Kory, do you have setups that you could perform a 'task' on these various storage types vs ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro.
I keep seeing the non-locally stored data cropping up time and again. Is it the nature of the beast? network issues? a communications issue between software and the database?
I have trolled far and wide and never seen any thing that says …. when using X (storage type and location ) expect a Y% increase in processing time compared to using Z (storage type and location)
I know that the operation may have an influence, but you would expect to see some comparison. The one Dan posted from ESRI at least shows that at least 2 of the 4 have 'issues', but Dan's times are even worse than ESRI's