Hi Marco,
I ran across this thread while searching for something else and wanted to point you toward this thread: https://geonet.esri.com/ideas/12579-pause-drawing-in-arcgis-pro. If you look down in the comments, there is a way to somewhat pause the drawing.
Dev is considering a full pause option, but the majority of requests we've received around this are for 3D scenes rather than 2D maps, so I would weigh in on the other thread. For 3D, there are other things you can do as well such as leveraging the new OGC i3s standard .slpk files, and setting reasonable visibility limits when working with heavyweight data so it's not trying to draw all of the time. GitHub - Esri/i3s-spec: This repository hosts the specification for Scene Layers which are container...
Eric,
You can check your machine against what is recommended for Pro here: http://links.esri.com/run-arcgis-pro.
From my user's reported challenges, I know that if you don't have access to a GPU/Video card, your computer is going to be using CPU instead for everything at a poor rate of efficiency, which could be contributing to your experience. If you're running in a Virtual Desktop Instance (VDI), shared GPU aka Virtual GPU (vGPU)=good. XenApp, a VDI without vGPU, or a remote desktop to a VDI=bad. This actually makes a big difference in performance.
I also wrote another GeoNet post here: https://community.esri.com/groups/sciences/blog/2017/04/07/best-practices-for-running-arcmaparcgis-d... on how to get the best performance when running in Parallels if you're on a Mac.
As Dan mentioned above, network issues could be affecting things, so i3s might help you too.
Sorry I don't have any technical specifics or solutions for you. I'm just an Account Manager who stumbled upon this thread and wanted to provide some info based on what some of my users have encountered.
Hope it helps you both,
-Tripp