How can I, in ArcGiS Pro, transfer the data provided by a DTM to polygon surfaces and thus display them in an attribute table?
You can run https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/zonal-statistics-as-table.ht... and join the table back to your original features. There's a large amount of statistics you can get - sum, mean, max, SD etc.