How do I only change the highlighted text size in arc gis pro?
I don't think there's a way to do this natively in the app but you can go to your Windows Display settings and in the Scale and Layout section, change the size of text, apps and other items from 100% to 125%. This will increase the size of not only the highlighted area but everything in the app.
There is a related ArcGIS Pro here you can upvote on and provide more visibility to the ArcGIS Pro Dev Team.
Morning
Following on from @Robert_LeClair answer there might be something else you can try also.
In ArcGIS Pro if you go to the Project tab > Options > User Interface (it's close to the bottom of the dialog).
There is a section entitled Ease of access > User interface scaling. Possibly try 130%?
You will need to restart the application for this setting to take effect.
As you can imagine it is pretty easy to change it back.
I hope this helps. Many thanks ed