I'm interested in dividing a city up into disinct blocks, with the end result being polygons for the blocks. I have a polygon for the city boundary and centerlines for the city streets. Here's a simplified version of the concept, where the first two figures (boundary and streets) would be overlaid and the result on the right would be four polygons. Using ArcGIS Pro.
If you have a Basic license you might try the Modify Features - Split Command if available: