Is there a function in ArcGIS Pro for Data Driven pages where I can take a large area that already has completed analysis and create a series of smaller maps (or layouts) that cover the entire area or is the only current fix to manually bookmark each frame and export it one at a time?
Yes certainly, as you correctly call it - 'Map Series' is the data driven pages ArcMap equivalent.
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/layouts/spatial-map-series.htm
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/layouts/create-a-map-series.htm
Creating a grid index over your area to then power the Map Series is possible through
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/cartography/grid-index-features.htm
or you could use an existing FC and use the polygon extents as map extents, adjusting scale etc. dynamically via attribute table values.
You'd also probably find many walkthroughs on YouTube etc.