Thank you. Please understand that this bug ID states the problem incorrectly:
"While closing ArcGIS Pro, after clicking No to save edits and clicking Cancel to save the project, features no longer draw, and an error is returned in the Notifications pane."
The problem does not occur while closing ArcGIS Pro (and canceling edits and project closure), it occurs after any edit operation in a versioned feature class (because the error involves the STATE_ID metatable, which I believe is only tracked in versioned tables).
A more accurate title might be "After performing an edit operation, features no longer draw, and an error is returned in the Notifications pane. This error is: 'Target state not found in the States table (STATE_ID = 0)'."