The short answer: I can't!
Or I should say, not directly. From what I can tell, view layer B only gets the message that a new field has been added when the add happens in AGOL / Portal.
If I manually add a field 5 to the parent layer A, some background refresh must occur, because then both new fields, 4 and 5, appear on view layer B. Then I can just go and delete field 5 and work with field 4 in the view.
In summary: if you are overwriting a hosted layer, add your new fields first.
- Josh Carlson
Kendall County GIS