This seems to be an issue with the new Map Viewer, the imagery layer seems to be loaded as string values, not numerical. When loaded with the Classic Map Viewer the values show with significant digits in the popup.
If layer is loaded with New Map Viewer:
If same layer is loaded with Classic Map Viewer:
This the same layer looks in the New Map Viewer. Note the 'abc' instead of '123' on the right in the menu. I cannot see the option to select the significant digits option anymore...
This issue has been fixed for ArcGIS Online Map Viewer, a note from development team.