I'm not sure, unfortunately.
The rest of this is pure conjecture, so take it with a grain of salt. 😀
Given the original error, it seems like an interaction between how Chrome handles floating point values and the results of the math that the ArcGIS JavaScript API is doing.
The reference to a "non-finite" number could refer to something like a JavaScript Infinity or NaN. The previous version of Chrome probably just essentially ignored it before, but (probably correctly) breaks on it now.
Whatever that calculation involved was seemingly updated sometime after 4.18 such that the result is either not calculated in the first place or no longer returns the "non-finite" number.
That's all a long-winded way of me saying, unless there's a flag you can set in Chrome to change how it handles the "non-finite" number, updating the ArcGIS JS API version is likely the only realistic option.