Is this for a hosted feature layer? What do you see when you go to here (see below) and try to add new choices?
"On your hosted feature layer's item details page, go to the Data tab>click the Fields button> click on the display name of the field of interest (blue hyperlink)>check out the List of Values (Domain) at the bottom of the screen. If there are choices in a drop down when editing, they should be displayed here. You can click the Edit button to Add, Remove, or Reorder choices."