I have a webmap with street labels enabled. Last week I noticed that the labels had started duplicating. These labels are sourced from a map service on our ArcGIS Server version 10.9.1. It's been months since we last edited the service or it's .mxd. The labels appear correctly in the .mxd and when I select "View in ArcGIS Online Map Viewer" from the REST Services Directory. The labels start repeating when added to a webmap.
Here's what I've tried so far:
None of that has worked. As soon as the labels are added to the webmap they duplicate and ignore the labeling rules. I've attached pictures of what the labels look like in the .mxd and what they look like in the webmap.
Your best solution may be exploring publishing the same service from ArcGIS Pro.
10.9.x is the last version of ArcGIS Enterprise that supports publishing services from ArcMap.
With ArcMap heading into maturing officially last month, it wouldn't surprise me to see increased incompatibility between produces/services and ArcMap or ArcMap created content. Particularly for Map Viewer. You could test to see if the labelling works in Map Viewer Classic.
Either way, I'd use it as a good reason to push the move to Pro.
On AGOL, are you viewing the Feature Service or the Map Service? The two will have vastly different label capabilities.
I just encountered this bug today with a really weird caveat; it only happens on one of my monitors. I drag the webmap to one monitor, labels are fine, I drag it to my other monitor and I get double labels. A bit of testing and it seems to be resolution based. If I turn down my monitor from 3840x2160 to 1920x1080 it stops doing it.