Hey kdoman,
thank you for your answer. I think you're right! So i read the Geoprocessing Class Documentation again and edited my code, as you suggested.
And i found out that "dojo.require("esri.tasks.gp");" was also missing.
But it's still not working.
The integrated alert function (just to see if it works) occurs, so the function is called
I attached the new code and 3 Pictures.
15.png shows the screen, when i start running the Model in ArcMap and insert the Path to the Databse -> It works.
16.png shows the Properties of the Model, which shows that a FeatureLayer is required as an input Parameter.
17.png shows the ArcGIS Services Directory (REST) with the supported operation "SubmitJob". Additionally there is a Choice List as Input (the Layers of the Map Document), but when i choose another one in ArcMap Desktop this still works.
Someone any other ideas?