the short answer is no. There is nothing out of the box that does this.
From a high level, you need points on a map that have a hyperlink attribute to the document
You can serve points for a map in three ways
1. As points from a shapefile/geodatabase/SDE
2. csv file from a spreadsheet
3. json list of coordinates and then as graphics
The hard part will be extracting the location information from the meta fields. you will have to do that, the javascript API does not provide that functionality.
You will basically have to (on some schedule)
1.mine your document repository,
2.extract the locations and file paths,
3.create a table of hyperlink, x, and y
4.serve that table as a spatial set of points
5. enable the hyperlink functionality.
sounds like a nice compact project but one that will require lots of custom code to fit your environment
good luck
jeff