Here's a thread talking about how to do it: http://forums.arcgis.com/threads/41009Relevant code:
// create and add the layer
var mil = new esri.layers.MapImageLayer({
'id': 'usgs_screen_overlay'
});
map.addLayer(mil);
// create an add the actual image
var mi = new esri.layers.MapImage({
'extent': { 'xmin': -8864908, 'ymin': 3885443, 'xmax': -8762763, 'ymax': 3976997, 'spatialReference': { 'wkid': 3857 }},
'href': 'http://hdds.usgs.gov/hdds2/view/overlay_file/AM01N33_269827W079_1773002011082800000000MS00'
});
mil.addImage(mi);