I have the ArcGIS for server image extension (server and desktop 10.3), and am trying to publish a cached map service using a mosaic dataset. The mosaic dataset references .sid rasters. When I try to publish the service, I get the error "packaging succeeded, but publishing failed". My server logs show two related messages:
No error report is generated on the server.
Any ideas before I call Esri Support?
I have found out that referenced mosaics can be published as image services but not as map services, at least at 10.3. I was trying to publish a hillshade map service from a referenced mosaic but I got a similar error to you. I copied my source mosaic to another name and then used the Hillshade function on the copied mosaic. I was then able to publish a map service.