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The Esri Maps for IBM Cognos 5.x release is highly integrated with ArcGIS Online or your on-premises Portal for ArcGIS solution. You are able to add ArcGIS Server map services to the Esri Maps for IBM Cognos map object; however, you will need to add it through either ArcGIS Online or Portal for ArcGIS.
In addition, to display your IBM Cognos data on the map object you will need to be able to access either the ArcGIS Online World Geocode Service or have your own geocode service configured via Portal for ArcGIS.
I hope the links below will be helpful in your future use of Esri Maps for IBM Cognos:
Adding data from ArcGIS:
http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/esri-maps-for-ibm-cognos/author/#/Adding_data_from_ArcGIS/02z800...
Adding IBM Cognos Data to your map:
http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/esri-maps-for-ibm-cognos/author/#/Adding_IBM_Cognos_data_to_your...
Install Guide for Esri Maps for IBM Cognos on a Windows environment (see page 25 regarding how to setup Esri Maps for IBM Cognos to work with Portal for ArcGIS):
http://resources.arcgis.com/en/communities/maps-for-cognos/pdf/maps_for_ibm_cognos_install_windows.p...
Good luck!